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- prison camp for civilians in wartime or under
- totalitarian rule. The first concentration
- camps were devised by the British during the
- Second Boer War in South Africa 1899 for the
- detention of Afrikaner women and children
- (with the subsequent deaths of more than
- 20,000 people). A system of hundreds of
- concentration camps was developed by the
- Nazis in Germany and occupied Europe
- (1933-45) to imprison Jews and political and
- ideological opponents after Hitler became
- chancellor Jan 1933. The most infamous camps
- in World War II were the extermination camps
- of Auschwitz, Belsen, Dachau, Maidanek,
- Sobibor, and Treblinka. The total number of
- people who died at the camps exceeded 6
- million, and some inmates were subjected to
- medical experimentation before being killed.
- At Oswiecim (Auschwitz-Birkenau), a vast camp
- complex was created for imprisonment and
- slave labor as well as the extermination of
- over 4 million people in gas chambers or by
- other means. In addition to Jews, the victims
- included Gypsies, homosexuals, and other
- `misfits` or `unwanted` people. At Maidanek,
- about 1.5 million people were exterminated,
- cremated, and their ashes used as fertilizer.
- Many camp officials and others responsible
- were tried after 1945 for war crimes, and
- executed or imprisoned. Foremost was Adolf
- Eichmann, the architect of the extermination
- system, who was tried and executed by the
- state of Israel 1961.
-